peral



i (Nu'ModeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. f

I. PERAL. REFLEGTOR.

No. 445,379; I Patented Jan. 27; 1891.

FIGJ

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ISAAC PERAL, ens-fin FERNANKH),

SPECIFIOATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 4%!18'79, dated January 27, 1891.

Application filed March 18,1888. Serial No. 274,292. lilo IDOdBlr) Zatentecl in Spein April 26, 1888, No. 7,975.

To all whomit may concern.- I

Be it known that I, ISAAC PERAL, a citizen of the Kingdom of t'jpain, rcs'l din g at San Fer nando, in Spain, have in ventcdcertain new and useful Improvements in Reflectors, (for which I have obtained a patent in Spain, No. 7,975, dated April 26, 1888,) of which the following is a specification.

The object of? the present invention is to. utilize nearly all of the light-rays for effect ire illuminating purposes, thus lessening the number of rays which are lost by being, projecteol in such direction as to prevent their being utilized, WllllG increasing the eftectlveness of the lig'ht and reducing the amount of energy required to produce the same.

in the accompanying drawings,Figure 1V is a diagram of the system and the respective arrangements of the reflectors. liig.21'epi'eseats the hack of the reflector. Fig". 3 is a vertical section showing the interior of the reflector. Fig. 4 represents thesan e reflector with an arrangement to light the whole of the horizon.

In Fig.1,c Z) c d is a parabolic reflector, the focus of which is inf, and e g M is a supple mental hemispherical reflcettng'the center of which is also in f. These roilectorsare so ar' ranged that the diameter 7 of the hemispherical reflector, the focus 1, and the line (Z of the main parabolic reflector are in the same plane. All the rays of light included within the angles h f and c f lZWill, because of. the parabolic form of the main reflector, he reflected parallel, and the beam of light will be rcprcscntedby a hollow cylinder, the outer lines of which are a, d and (Z cland the humor lines Z1 7) and c e, and this beam shall he called in the following specification the enter beam. 13y exan'iining the heinispherical supplemental reflector i twill. be seen that all the rays of light within the angles 15 f g and Z f It will be reflected on the surface of the parabolic reflector Within the angles 0 f d and (1 f a, respectively, thus serving to intensity the above-deseribedouter beam.

lly further examihing Fig. 1 it will. be seen that, the whole luminous sphere emit-ted from the focus f is utilized with the exception of the cones, which have their apex in f and are Within the angles 7) f c and gf 7i. it is also evident; that the cone of light represented by j" Z) (2 would be reflected in aheam representing a full cylinder filling the hollow of the outer beam. If it were not for the interposition of the-supplemental hemispherical reflector, the same would take place with the cone "of light f g 71.. For the purpose of also utilizing this quantity of light, and because the cone of lightf g h is perfectly -useless for the production of the outer beam-,the'part g h of the hemispheric reflector is out out. Thus the cone of light f g 71. passes unref'lected' through this opening, and if new the partllq c of the main parabolic reflector is replaced by a spheric part h p c, struck from the centerf, the rays reflected from this would mingle with and intensify the cone j g it. This would form divcrg'in beam; but by inserting, for instance, a hieonvex lens having its focus in f, this diverging; heath would be transformed into a cylindrical one called the in nor beam, which fills the dark hollow of the outer beam. i

From the foregoing it is evident that theoretically not a single ray is lost, with the exception otthe small quantity intercepted by the carbons producing the light; but this isroductd to a minimum by the peculiar arrangement oi the carbons in this apparatus.

In reflectors for reflecting rays of light on. parallel lines-heretofore in use the carbons and CLllJOll-l'lOlLlOIS have been so mounted as to lie in planes transverse to the direction of the parallel reflected rays. Inthis apparatus the carbons are nounted so as to lie parallel to such rays along the line in n, Fig. 1, and thns'the cone of maximum intensity will fall on the ef'fica-cious part of the refiectorw The positive carbon is mounted opposite the parabolic reflector. This or 'angernentof the can bou holdere in itself suffices to increase the ch'iciency of the reflector; butin combination with the two reflectors described above it is still further increased,- especially as the shadow thrown by the carbons falls inthe least efficient part of the sphere of lighti; e, the inner beam. This arrangementbf the rays through the focus mentioned above, and the carbon holders and. fittings are arranged in the cylinder representing the inner beam.

carbons further facilitates thee-crossing of the resented 'in the drawings. hon passes through an opening formed it! the beam.

' cause'oi the positive carbon being consii med focus;

7 neous movement of the positive carbon.

, Zhe position of this hemisphericreflector is F, the-axis through the journals 'l going Thus the quantity of ligh i. iuterceptml by the mtrbons is reduced. to a minimum The carbon-holders and mechanism-for operating them are represented in Figs. 2 and 'lo intercept the least possible light the support and mechanism for operating the negative carbdn N are placed at the back of the reflector A, which is formed with a? central opening just large enough to let the car bonand the carbon-holder pass. lhis carbon-holdcr is, as represented in the drawings, attached to a mechanism permitting the adjustment of the negative carbon, and consequently the adjustment of the arc.

The movement of the positive carbon 1 is simultaneous with that of the negative carbon and is effected by the mechanism rep- The positive cari i r above-mentioned lensot' the hemispheric refle'ctor. This lens may also beomitted, as'thc diverging rays woul serve to lighten up the shadow thrown by t 1e carbons in the inner The mechanism is constructed in such a manner that the rate of advance of the positive" carbon is twice that of the negative beabout twiceasquick as the negative, and thus thefarc always/domains adjusted in the ff itid-dcsircdtopmduce aili verging beam, so as to extend the lighted space, it is only necessary to remove the arc'from the focus'of the parabolic reflector in the direction of its axis, and for this purpose the mechanism for moving the negative-carbon holder is provided with a second hollow screw V, which is traversed longitudinally by the screw B and by which the position of the negative carbon can be altered independently of the simulta- Thearrangement of the electric contacts and oil the insulators'need not be described,- as it is ofthe usual form.

To prevent "the reflectors from being distorted by the heat produced by the arc'they are strengthened atthebac'lt with radial ribs.

'l h'e'. hemispheric reflector is held in positionby the'lira'meDi, which also carries the positive-carbon ho-l er, and is as thin as possibleto intercept a little light as possible.

slightly' axljustablc, so as to permit the proper adjustment otthe focus.

The whole apparatus is ournal ed'in a stand thrcuglrthe center'of gravity of the apparatus, which can be turned completely round this ax s-L l Theabeve-described arrangements are not on for vessels of any description wanting to enter sport during the night. Asit is often necessary to light the greatest part of the horizon simu doctor may he apparatus, 'which will light simultaneously the whole horizmnif desired. Supposing'thc parabolic reflector is turned in its stand on the horizontal pivot 'l until. its axis stands vertical, as represented in Fig. 4-, the beam of light will be reflected toward the zenith; but

if this beam is intercepted by a conical reflcctor R, thc sides of which' form an angle of forty-five degrees with the horizontal line, this cylindrical beam. of'lig'ht will-be converted into a diskot' light lighting up the whole horizon.

The immense advantages and various applicationsof this arrangement are easily understood, especially as regards war-sh ps and the merchant navy.

beams may be surprised by while another side is being searched-withthe reflectors, while with the diskof light thrown, by the supplementary reflector the whole horizon is lighted and all enemies can be watched simultaneously.

The mechanical arrangement. is very sun= A warship provided .with several reflectors throwlng. parallel a. torpedo-boat.

ilamxously, a supplementary rcused with the above-described ple. A hollow cone R of the above-mentioned angle provided withthe necessary strengtheningzribs to prevent distortion is placed doctor, the axis otboth in the same line. The

base of the cone has the same diameter as the reflector A. Three thin equidistant rods 0 are attached to the bas'e'of the cone, and to the other end bf these rods-is fastened aring ll, formed with several notch es, which engage like a bayonet joint with corresponding catches on the outer rim of the reflector. It will easily be understood now how easyit will be to adjust .or remove the conical reflector for transforming the cylindrical beam into a disk of lighter vice versa.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature'of my said invention and in what manner thiesarne is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1.. The combination of the mainparabolic reflector, the burner situated in thefocus thereof, and the supplemental hemispherical reflector of smaller size than and situated opposite to and facing the main reflectorand arranged tofocus at the burner and having its central. portion cut away to permit the passage of certain of the direct raysirom the burner, substantially as described.

2.- The combinationmith the burneryof, the

main reflector consisting ofthe outerparw.

bolic portion and the central spherical portiomand the supplemental sp'hericalreflector situated opposite toand facing the spherical portion of the main refiectorandhaving its central portion cutaway, whereby the rays reflected from the spherical port-ion of the main rellector may pass the supplcmental'ra fleclor, substantially as described.

,with its apex towa'd the interior of the re- 3. The combination, with thebu'rner o'f the main reflector consisting of the outer para bolic reflector and 'a supplemental spherical holic fporlion and the central spherical porl passage olclectric-lighl.carbonsaz1darrange l ticn, the supplemental reflector situated opl opposite to each other, the foei (if the sai gre-, 45 posil'e to thesphericalportion of the main re- I reflectors coinciding, of an eleetrieare llgln fiector and having its central portion out arranged at the focal point and havin its away, whereby the rays reflected from the 3 carbonsarranged parallel with the axis of the spherical portion of the main reflector may l parabolic reflector,substantiallyas described. pass the supplemental reflector, and a lens 1 In lestin'lony whereof I have hereunto sub- 2Q situated in the path of such reflected rays for seribed'my hand in the presence of the two making them parallel, substantially as (10- i subscribing witnesses. scribed. l

- ISAAC PERAL. al. The combination, with the main para- W itnesscs:

'IOMAS DE ARCIARAIE,

reflector, 'each centrally perforated for the ANTONIO CENcIO. 

